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WW1 Letters Home - Dec 29, 1916

12/29/2016

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Picture
Sinking of the Linda Blanche out of Liverpool, 1915, Painting by Willy Stower (1864-1931). Courtesy of wikipedia
My previous post showed a map with Noah Draper's presumed route to Chatham, England, according to his letter of Dec 19, 1916 where he wrote that he was headed overseas. Since I read his letters beforehand, I knew he wasn't going straight there, but I didn't want to give out information before Noah himself told us. This letter, dated Dec 29, explains how he arrived in Chatham. Read the History Notes under his letter below for an explanation of how the above image relates to his journey.
​
​Author of Letter: Noah C Draper, 29 yrs old
Dated:  Dec. 29, 1916
Mailed from:  Chatham, England
Attached to: HMS Pembroke (21 Dec 1916 to 31 Dec 1916)
Profession:  Farmer, Temporary Sailor
Rank: Ordinary Seaman
Addressed to:  Mrs. N.C. Draper, Keswick, Ont.
Relationship: Wife
Writing instrument:  Fountain Pen with Black Ink
Writing Paper: 10" x 6.5" medium weight, semi-rough, folded into booklet form. Noah hasn't numbered the pages, but he's using the same technique he used for most of his previously posted courtship letters to Ethel, where his first page is the outside, then he's opened it and written on the right side, then moved over to the left side and written there, and finally, he's closed it and written on the back. For clarity, I'm posting the pages in the order they were meant to be read. 


People mentioned in this letter:
Ethel* 
- Noah's wife of 5 yrs, Ethel Isabel Nelson Draper
Percy* - Noah's older brother, lives near Adams, Saskatchewan
mother - Noah's mother, Sarah Sophia Deverell* Draper, widow of David Draper

​The babies:
- Mildred* aka Midge, 3 yrs old
- James David* aka Jay, 6 months old (later called JD)

Places/things mentioned in this letter:
- Keswick - where Noah's family lives (the ones who didn't move west)
- Liverpool** - a huge busy port on the River Mersey (**see map below)
- London** - on the River Thames, the capital of England, and the U.K.
- Royal Naval Barracks Chatham - aka HMS Pembroke
- the N.P. - Naval Police (see Naval Police and Shore Patrol)
​- whiffletree and tandem hitches (**see Historical Note #2 below)
- hut - barrack building

Word or Phrase Use: 
car - short for street car
navel barracks - Noah's spelling should read naval barracks
​
Legend: 
* Look under the Categories/Labels in the right side column for more posts on this 
  person/place/thing, or use the search box in the header at the top of this page
** see History Notes below
​
Picture

Chatham, England
Dec.29. 1916
​
     Mrs. N. C. Draper,
               Keswick, Ont.
My Dear Wife & all; -
     Well I have arrived here
all safe & sound and right
side up & am fealing fine
got here last night after
midnight .left Liverpool about
2 P.M. but could not see much
of the country as it gets dark
about 4 P.M. here now. had
a fine trip over no rough
weather at all they said
although I was sick 1 day

​
Picture

but enjoyed the trip very much.
     Say I wrote a long letter 
on board (3 pages) but the
N. P. told me it was held up 
as I was giving information
which I had no right to
give, but I dont know what
it was so will have to be
careful I guess the letters are
censured from Canada to
so private news is not
private.
     Al that came over here
with me are quartered in
one hut. about 50. and we are
quite comfortable. there is
two long tables & three is told
​off for cooks for each day I 


Picture

am cook to day.
     Well I have not been out
in the city yet so can not
tell you much about the
place but you never see
a team hitched up as we
hitch them they are all
driven tandem or else
the tugs are hitched right
onto the frame of the tongue
no whiffletrees. but they
draw big loads, of course the
roads here are all good nearly
as good as our paved streets.
     Had supper in London last
night was there about 45 min.
but just took the street car
​
Picture
  
from one station to the other
so did not see much (only Lady 
guards) they take the railway
tickets before you get on the car
here & it saves a lot of trouble.
     Well I want to write to
Percy & Mother so will have have
to close soon in order to
get my address on this page
it is N.C Draper.
     Hut 16 East Camp
     Royal Navel Barracks, Chatham, 
                                              England.
Will try & send some little presents
next week if the stores are open
when I am out on leave, get out
every other night I guess. Well.
this is all for now. Write soon, love to
​you and the kiddies. N.C. Draper
​

​

History Notes
​

There are 2 History notes for this letter...

History Note 1 - Port of Liverpool
In this letter, Noah mentions that he disembarked at Liverpool and left there shortly after 2 pm, crossed the country, stopped in London for supper, and arrived in Chatham after midnight. Historical references mention Troop trains crossing England. I've also found reference to boat trains carrying troops. Boat trains are dedicated trains carrying passengers from a particular place to/from a port.
Picture
However, there was one major hurdle before arriving in Liverpool: In February 1914, Germany had announced that the waters surrounding Great Britain and Ireland, including the English Channel, and the western portion of the North Sea, was a war zone and any ships, be it British, neutral, or merchant, would be fired on and destroyed without warning. 

Germany wasn't fooling. In the seven-month period between March and September of 1916, 480 vessels were sunk by German U-boats in that area alone. In case you're wondering, a U-boat stands for undersea boat aka submarine. And that's where the image at the top of this post comes in... you never knew where the U-boats were hiding or if the ship you were traveling on would get fired on by torpedoes. We must never forget the brave captains, sailors, troops, and even passengers who risked everything by running the U-boat gauntlet, and to the ones who lost their lives along the way. 

Whatever ship Noah sailed on to get to Liverpool, he would have had to go through U-boat territory, yet he doesn't give Ethel any inkling of the danger.

Upon disembarkation in Liverpool, it seems most troop ships used the Riverside Railway Station to send the troops on their way, and although I couldn't confirm this is the dock where Noah disembarked, considering that I don't know what ship he sailed on, the following shows the station as it appeared around 1914.
Picture
ca 1914, Riverside Station and Princes Landing Stage, Liverpool, England
The Port of Liverpool's 7.5 mile/12.1 kilometre dock system is mostly on the eastern shore of the River Mersey, but also contains docks on the west side of the river. See wikipedia for detailed 1909 maps of the dock system.
​

History Note 2 - Whiffletrees

In this letter, Noah mentions that the British don't use wiffletrees, so here's the definition of a whiffletree and it's other name variants.
Picture
Wiffletree, whippletree, swingletree
Picture
Four-hitch with a set of whiffletrees. Courtesy of wikipedia
He goes on to say that instead of using a single or set of whiffletrees as pictured above, the British hitch their horses in tandem or right onto the frame of the tongue. Tugs and traces are also regional name variants as you can see by the following diagram.
​
Picture
Harness Diagram. Courtesy of wikipedia

To end this post, here's an image of two ponies being driven in tandem, much as you would see two riders on a tandem bicycle. ​I wonder if this is what Noah meant.
PicturePonies Driving in Tandem. Courtesy of Wikipedia



​


​
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WW1 Letters Home - Dec 6, 1916

12/4/2016

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HMCS Niobe in Halifax after conversion to Depot Ship Source: ReadyAyeReady.com
HMCS Niobe in Halifax after conversion to Depot Ship Source: ReadyAyeReady.com

Noah Clement Draper and his wife, Ethel Isabell Nelson, lived on a farm at Adams, Saskatchewan, but were known to leave the cold prairie winters and spend the off-season with their families in North Gwillimbury Township, York County, Ontario. 

So when Noah joined the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RCNVR) in Toronto, we know Ethel and the kids are either with her parents near Belhaven, or his relatives in the Keswick area, which must have eased his mind somewhat. 

This first letter is dated two weeks after Noah joined the RCNVR so we're right there at the start of his journey. The letters will all follow a similar format with the information first, then one page of the actual letter, my transcription of that page, the next actual page, and so on. This enables those who cannot read handwriting to know what is written. Please remember that my transcription will follow exactly as I read what Noah has written, spelling errors, included, and that way we keep the integrity of his writing. 


Author of Letter: Noah C Draper, 29 yrs old
Dated:  Dec 6/16 
Mailed from:  Halifax, N.S.
Attached to: HMCS Niobe
Profession:  Farmer, Temporary Sailor
Addressed to:  Mrs. N.C. Draper, Keswick, Ont.
Relationship: Wife
Writing instrument:  Fountain Pen with Black Ink
Writing Paper: Thick, rough standard notepaper of the period. The 10" x 6.5" paper is folded in half and written in booklet form but with the inside page written across the short width and all the way down the length like foolscap. The pages are not numbered.

People (friends and family) mentioned in this letter:
The babies:
- Mildred aka Midge, 3 yrs old
- James David aka Jay, 6 months (also called JD)

Places/things mentioned in this letter:
- Halifax - historic, protected harbor on the eastern shore of Nova Scotia
- Niobe - HMCS Niobe - a **Depot ship stationed in Halifax
- Petty Officer - Holding a rank below an officer, but above an enlisted sailor


Legend: 
* Look under the Categories/Labels in the right side column for more posts on this 
  person/place/thing, or use the search box in the header at the top of this page
** see Genealogy Notes below

​
Picture

Halifax, N.S. Dec. 6/16
Mrs. N.C. Draper,
           Keswick, Ont.
Dear Ethel,
      Well I have got this far
on the way but do not know
when we will go on, was
on the Niobe for tea they
have five meals a day here.
breakfast. tea Dinner tea &
supper at 6 don't know what
time we get the other 
meals, We arrived here about
3.30 p.m. was met at the 
station by a Petty Officer

​
Picture
and taken right on board the
ship and given our hammocks
and showed our place to put
them & then taken to the mess
room & showed our tables there
is 22 at a table so you see we
are not lonely.
     There is a draft of 50 men
going over seas Friday but
do not expect we will be among
the number as there is about 75
or a hundred men ahead of us
but I hope so as they do not do
any training here at all and I
do not like to lay around on
the boat doing nothing. the boys
I came with seem very nice
and I hope were sent over
to geather. had to laugh at a
jew they had us lined up at
attention & asked if we wanted
to ask any questions (on the ship)


​
Picture

& we had been there about five
minutes when he walked
up to the officer & said he
was sick & wanted to vomit
he will make a great sailor
eh.
   Well Ethel I have not much
to tell you but hope to
be able to write longer
letters after a while after
I see something. Kiss the
babies for me every day &
I wish it were possible to do
it my self. Good bye for this

time from your loving husband. N.C.D.

​Genealogy Notes​
Built in 1897, the Royal Canadian Navy acquired the HMCS Niobe from the Royal Navy in 1910 and made its home in Halifax Harbor.
​
Picture
HMCS Niobe at Anchor, Halifax, N.S., 1910. Courtesy of www.navy-marine.forces.gc.ca

The Niobe was almost lost during the night of July 30-31, 1911 when it ran aground off Cape Sable, Nova Scotia. The damage was extensive and although repairs were completed at the end of 1912, her maximum speed had been permanently reduced. 

With the start of World War 1, the Niobe joined the Royal Navy's 4th Cruiser Squadron on contraband patrol off the coast of New York.

17 July 1915 saw the Niobe return to Halifax where she was converted into the Depot ship you see at the top of this post.

On 6 December 1917, exactly one year after Noah wrote the above letter, the upper works of HMCS Niobe was wrecked in the horrific Halifax Explosion. Repaired, she continued to serve until decommissioning in 1920.

Sources:
- ReadyAyeReady.com
​
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Niobe_(1897) (includes links to more)
- http://www.navy-marine.forces.gc.ca/en/news-operations/news-view.page?doc=niobe-day/i0vikji8

Update: Thanks going out to Noah's grandson, John W. Draper, for this link... On December 4, 2016  The Chronicle Herald published the article, Blast a Fiery Baptism for Navy Town. The article highlights Tues, December 6, 2016 as the 99th anniversary of the Halifax Explosion and includes links to more informative articles. Also included in the article is an image of the Niobe with this caption, The HMCS Niobe was heavily damaged in the Halifax Explosion, and 26 crew members were killed. The force of the explosion was enough to dislodge the ship’s anchor from the floor of the harbour. (Naval Museum of Halifax).


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Noah Draper's WW1 Naval Uniform

11/6/2016

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After a year without posting, we're getting back into the family history of Noah Clement Draper and Ethel Isabel Nelson. You can find their courtship letters here, or by clicking on the link for Genealogy Posts Index in the right column, or by using the Blogs menu and then clicking on Genealogy Posts Index. 

Noah Clement Draper joined the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RCNVR) on Nov 25, 1916 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 

Because the Canadian Navy was in its infancy, Noah served on British ships which lent confusion when figuring out his uniform. I am indebted to the Canadian Military Police Virtual Museum at mpmuseum.org for their very informative website. Through their use of images and text, we have a very good idea of what Noah wore on different occasions. 

One of the problems I encountered while researching Noah's uniform was defining whether he enlisted in the RCNVR or RNCVR. Noah's Service Certificate shows that he joined the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RCNVR), but his records, as well as ships' logs, show he served on Royal Navy ships as a member of the Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve (RNCVR) (circled below in red) which was active from May 1914 until 1920.
​
Picture
Portion of Noah Clement Draper's 1916 Service Certificate for RCNVR/RNCVR
I believe the following image was taken upon Noah's enrollment since it was the last time he saw his family until he was discharged on Mar 25, 1919. ​

Two things I'd like to point out on Noah's uniform are:

1. His cap ribbon has the inscription "R.N.C.V.R (crown) CENTRAL". (Options were PACIFIC and ATLANTIC)

2. The 3 wavy tapes on his denim collar signify him as a member of the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve. (Royal Navy members wore straight tapes.​)

Picture
Noah Clement Draper (29), Ethel Isabel Nelson-Draper (26), Mildred aka Midge Draper (3), and Jay aka J.D. Draper (7 months). Probably taken Nov 25, 1916 in Toronto, Ontario
According to information provided on the mpmuseum.org site, Noah's uniform is a Class II Uniform "Square Rig" which consisted of a blue serge top called a jumper, bell bottom pants, and a navy flat cap, much like the Royal Navy uniform.

There's a very good chance that the following photograph is the one Noah mentions in his letter of February 26, 1917 while the H.M.S. Bacchante is in dry dock. In that letter which I'll post in good order according to sequence, Noah says, "I was over to Liverpool last night and had my photo taken am to get them tomorrow night am sending one in this letter I had taken in Chatham."
​ 
With the information obtained at mpmuseum.org, I've made notes on his photo to show the particulars of this uniform. Note the straight tapes on his collar this time, and yet it's only been a couple months since enrollment and his rank hasn't changed.
​
Picture
Feb 1917 - Ordinary Seaman Noah C. Draper, RNCVR
Picture
To further confuse us, we have the photo on the right which has been cropped from one that Noah had taken while touring England on one of his shore leaves. 

Two things to note in this pic of Noah is that his:
- cap tally shows RCNVR
- collar tapes are wavy 

I believe this photograph was sent home with his letter of Mar 10, 1918,  because he mentioned having a photograph taken while standing in front of Bruce's Castle. In the same letter, he enclosed an ivy leaf which we still have. 

I haven't been able to define the difference between RCNVR and RNCVR. Was it simply a designation that changed according to his ship?

Noah was also issued with Dress No. 6 for hot climates. This was a duck working uniform consisting of a jumper with blue RNCVR collar, silk handerchief, and knife lanyard. Headwear was the Sennet hat made of the straw-like sennet fiber. 
Picture
Noah C. Draper, RCNVR 1916-1919

Since this week marks the observance of all those who served and especially those who lost their lives so that we can enjoy freedom, I thought it prudent to add Noah's memorial to this post as it shows the designation of his service. 

Noah Clement Draper is buried in the ABRAY Field of Honour in Vancouver's Mountain View Cemetery in British Columbia.  The photo was taken by his great-granddaughter, Crystal  Anne Draper.
​ 
Picture
Memorial to Noah C. Draper, RCNVR, located in Mountain View Cemetery, Vancouver. Photo Credit: Crystal Anne Draper
On the 25th of November, it will be 100 yrs to the day that Noah C. Draper enrolled as a volunteer in the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve. 

Nelson and I would like to honour his service by posting the letters he sent home to Ethel and his family. The letters are filled with as much information as the censors allow and show a remarkable life as a sailor connected with the British Navy.

My research has led to the actual ship's log which shows exactly where he was during his tour of duty - places he wasn't allowed to divulge 100 years ago when the wrong word could have given away his location and left his shift open to attack. Or worse. 

Although I don't have the letters Ethel sent to Noah, we can see how she fared in the way he addresses her concerns and tries to advise from so far away.

Join us as we travel once again back in time, experiencing it through the eyes of Nelson's grandfather, Noah Clement Draper. 


Note: Detailed descriptions of all the uniforms shown on this post can be found at mpmuseum.org and to whom I owe so much for sharing their knowledge. Thank you.
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1911 Courtship: Apr 2, Dear Noah

11/11/2012

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After a week off to promote some historical fiction, we're back to the real-life story of Ethel Nelson and Noah Draper and their courtship letters of 1911. For a record of all the courtship letters, see the Genealogy Posts Index.
Picture
In honour of Remembrance Day, I'm showing you a photo of Noah taken while he served in the Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve during 1916-1919.

I'm not sure when the photo was taken, so he could have been an Ordinary Seaman (OS), or an Able Seaman (AB) at the time, but it was in a batch of photos in Ethel's treasure box that Noah took while in England.

I'll post the letters and photos of those WW1 war years in chronological order after these.

Author of Letter: Ethel Isabell Nelson, age 21
Dated:   Apr 2, 1911
Addressed to: My Dear Noah  (This is the first time either of them has used their given name only, without surname or title. And a first for the endearment to start off the letter.)
Mailed  from:  Belhaven, Ontario
Relationship:  Courting
Profession:  Farmer's Daughter
Writing  instrument: Fine  point  pen, Black  ink
Written on: Slightly thick, textured, linen-like paper, 9 inches x 6.5 inches, folded in half. Ethel has written on the pages in order from 1 to 4, so it reads like a book.

People mentioned  in this letter: 
 - Sadie - Sadie Nelson, Ethel's 16 yrs old sister
- Mr. Flint - James Nelson's hired man
- Bruel's - Maud *Bruel 
- Ethel - Ethel Maud Rigler - Noah's older sister
- Hugh Sedore's Family - the Sedore's are related by marriage to Noah via his sister, Ethel Maud Rigler
- Della *Mahoney
- Uncle - whichever one lives en route or in Belhaven

*Look under the Categories/Labels in the right column for more on posts on this person.

Mentioned in this letter: Diphtheria - see Genealogy notes below

Picture
Belhaven, Apr 2, 1911,
My Dear Noah, ---
                 Well here I am to scratch
you off another letter, but means
this is my first one I guess this is
not another. (Sadie Lib.)
P.S. I forget to tell you that it
wasn't me that wrote that just
above the first paragraph.
                 Hello! I guess Sadie thot
she would write you a few
lines, as you will see, I got my
paper ready, and off to get my
ink when I came back paper
was gone, So I hunted up some
more. and wandered again,
came back I found a letter
already written to you. So I
guess you are going to get two
                                     this time.

Picture
2.
Our hired man, Mr Flint, is
turning the organ up a little
He certainly under stands music
Studied it for nearly nine years.
Is playing a piece. (Love will
not let me go) now (Some blessed
day) --- bye & bye, (eh, Two very fine
pieces.
            Have been home all day
so far, but think I will go up
to church to-night. Sadie & I were
to have gone to Bruel's for tea.
             Mr Hugh Sedore's have
the Diptheria. We phoned six
times for a Doctor for them before
we could one to come. Sedore was
here the day the Doctor came.
Picture
3.
I hope we escape with out it.
  Well Easter will soon be here..
Guess I will take a trip up to
see you. (in my mind) How many
eggs may I have if I come?
I'll help you with all that
work you have to - do. Say what
is strawing, anyway. Now don't
laugh at my ignorance. I
guess you know simple me.
            Della Mahoney is down
to Toronto. I wonder what for.
            I wish I could go tenting.
It will be rather cool at present
won't it. Do you stay with
Ethel now? Our hired man ask
Pa if it was oats he had sowed out
         here in this field by the house.
Picture
4.
   What kind of a Farmer do
you think he will be?
   Sadie is getting ready to go
over to Uncle's, and she is going
to post this, so guess I will have
to close for this time. Hope this
finds you able to be as busy as ever.
Say the mistakes are in this
letter are not to be counted
                Bye Bye. With Love from
                                           Ethel, xxxxxx
                                                           xxx
                                                             xx
                                                              x
P.S. Can you imagine how slow
        I be, Sadie has gone. and
        here is my letter, so I guess I
        will be in for a walk up to
        Belhaven to-morrow. It'll be
        worth the walk, "eh" if I get your letter.
                                                     (it sure will)

Genealogy Notes

Diphtheria: Since this is an infectious disease and I don't want to give erroneous information, I'm going to quote from the Public Health Agency of Canada website:
Diphtheria is disease that affects primarily the upper respiratory system and is caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacterium is most commonly spread through person-to-person contact. Diphtheria can be prevented by a vaccine. Canada has included diphtheria in its infant immunization schedule since the 1930's.  The success of this program led to a dramatic decline in the number of cases, with very few occurring in Canada since the early 1950s. The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends immunization against diphtheria.

Some persons infected with diphtheria do not look or feel sick; others develop a sore throat, fever and chills and have difficulty swallowing within 2 to 5 days of becoming infected. This is followed by the formation of a gray, thick membrane at the back of their nose, mouth and/or throat. Complications of the disease include suffocation, paralysis, heart failure, coma and death. One in 10 people with diphtheria die.
Ethel is right to be worried about the disease as it is spread in the same way as the common cold. I can't tell you how many people died - especially children - from diphtheria before a vaccine was discovered. Here are some facts:
- 1924 was the worst year in Canada with 9,000 cases of diphtheria recorded
- diphtheria was one of the most common causes of death in children from 1 to 5 years old
- and again from the Public Health Agency of Canada website: "The number of diphtheria cases is highest during the colder months in temperate zones. In the tropics, seasonal trends are less distinct. In North America, vaccination has greatly reduced the incidence of diphtheria; however, diphtheria was a major problem in countries of the former Soviet Union during the 1990s, with over 150,000 cases and 4500 deaths reported during 1990-1995."

So yes, Ethel should be worried, and yet it's scary how casual she states the fact.  
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