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WW1 Letters Home - Feb 18, 1917

2/25/2022

 
Picture
Ferry Routes Across the River Mersey to Liverpool, 1911.
Author of Letter: Noah C Draper, 30 yrs old
Dated:  Feb 18, 1917 
Mailed from:  Birkinhead (Birkenhead, England) 
Attached to: HMS Bacchante 
Profession:  Farmer, Temporary Sailor
Rank: Ordinary Seaman, Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve
Addressed to:  Mrs. N.C. Draper, Keswick, Ont. 
Relationship: Wife
Writing instrument:  Fountain Pen with Black Ink
Writing Paper: 1 sheet 9" x 6" medium weight, smooth, linen-look, folded into a 4-page booklet. Noah hasn't numbered the pages, and he's using a form he's used often before where his first page is the front "cover", then he's opened it and written on the right side, then moved over to the left side - turned the page sideways - and written there, and finally, he's closed it and written on the back. For clarity, I'm posting the pages in the order they were meant to be read. 

People mentioned in this letter:
Ethel* - Ethel Isabel Draper, 27 yrs old, Noah's wife of 6 yrs


Places/things mentioned in this letter:
ferry** across the River Mersey
Birkenhead - town across the River Mersey from Liverpool, England
Liverpool - 
maritime city in northwest England
poverty** in Liverpool
​
Word or Phrase Use: 
​snapshot - photograph

Legend: 
* Look under the Categories/Labels in the right side column for more posts on this 
  person/place/thing, or use the search box in the header at the top of this page
** see History Notes below
​
Picture
Birkinhead, Feb. 18./17.
Mrs. N.C. Draper,
    Keswick, Ont.
My Dear wife & Babies;-
   Well am still in Port and 
expect to be for some time 
but can never tell. I was 
ashore yesteraday after-noon 
and went over to Liverpool it 
is only about 5 minutes by 
ferry from here & is some 
place I was in the poor 
district yesteraday and 
it is awful to see the
poverty so plainly to be 
seen on every side lots 
of children without shoes 

Picture
and stockings yet they 
say it is no worse than 
it was in peace time and 
I do not see why it should 
be as wages are so much 
higher. then at night I 
went to the theather they 
have two performances 
a night one at 640 PM & the 
other at 9. & I guess they get 
full houses at each one. 
   There is some talk of 
us getting a four days 
leave here but I do not 
know wheather we will 
or not if I do I will spend 
​it in or around Liverpool
Picture
   Say Ethel I think if I were you 
I would go west in the spring 
& look after things you could board 
your self or fix it any way you 
liked so you could get along untill 
I get back home.
   Well there is funny weather here 
foggy one day & cold the next and 
I will be glad to see the summer altho 
I would be more than supprised to be 
near England in April.
   Say you should see the clothes we 
​had issued to us & I had a suit 
Picture
made to order cost 14 shilling 
but it is better stuff than 
in the ones we get issued 
to us.
   Well it is a quite a job to 
write here as there is over 
1000 men on board & they 
all seem to want to talk 
at once when a person is 
writing. Well I have had 
tea & just started to finish 
this letter when the bugle 
sounded again but guess 
I will finish it this time.
   Have you sent that Photo 
& snapshots yet. I have not 
got them anyway. Well I guess 
I will close for this time so 
ByeBye Love to all.
                              N.C. Draper.

​

History Notes
​

There are 2 History notes for this letter of February 18, 1917:


History Note 1 - Ferry across the River Mersey 

In this letter, Noah had time off  to explore the Birkenhead area where the HMS Bacchante is docked and used it to take a ferry across the River Mersey to Liverpool. (Yes, I now have the 1965 hit song Ferry Cross the Mersey by Gerry & The Pacemakers running through my head.)

By the first decade of the 20th century, paddlewheel ferries had been replaced by modern single or twin-screw steamers such as in the following illustration from the book, The Atlantic Ferry by Arthur J. Maginnis, published in 1900 by Whittaker and Co, London.

Picture
Illustration of twin-screw steamer, 1900.
We don't know which ferry Noah took to Liverpool, but it may even have been the SS Iris or SS Daffodil which were requisitioned to serve as troop transports in April 1918. They were given the HMS designation to their names, and with their shallow draft, were able to safely skim over mines which floated just beneath the water's surface. They suffered gunfire and shell damage during the naval raid on Zeebrugge in Belgium, and returned to England. After repairs, they were refitted with the furniture and furnishings of their non-military river ferry days.

For their service, King George V renamed the steamers Royal Daffodil and Royal Iris. On May 18, 1918, they returned to River Mersey ferry service where they received a heroes' welcome.
Picture
Mersey ferries Daffodil and Iris at Dover in 1918, upon their return from participating in the Zeebrugge Raid in Belgium.
History Note 2 - Poverty in Liverpool

At the start of the 20th century, Liverpool was one of the most industrialized cities in England, and is said to have grown faster than London during the latter decades of the 1800's. For a large part, this was due to the seven miles of docks running alongside Liverpool, with many more across the River Mersey at Birkenhead and Merseyside which ensured the movement of goods manufactured in the area. 

The numerous cotton, woollen and textile mills, iron and steel manufacturing plants, potteries, car manufacturing plants, chemlcal plants, not to mention the shipbuilding and repair dry docks, needed workers. People flocked to Liverpool for this purpose. But unlike a steady weekly job that could be counted on, a majority of the employment in Liverpool was casual day labour where men and women spent hours each day just trying to get a job. The work was dangerous with no safety laws in effect, and many lost their lives while trying to make a living. Single parents had no choice but leave their children alone while they worked. Child labour was also used, especially in the textile mills, but often children were left on their own in the streets while their parents strived to make enough money to feed them.

As someone born to a loving family on the rich farmland north of Toronto, Noah wasn't used to the hopeless poverty and neglected children of the Liverpool slums. It seemed so senseless to him.

WW1 Letters Home - Feb 16, 1917

2/20/2022

 
Picture
HMS Bacchante, armoured cruiser, (1901-1920), Courtesy of wikipedia

Author of Letter: Noah C Draper, 30 yrs old
Dated:  Feb 16 (1917)
Mailed from:  H.M.S. Bacchante
Attached to: HMS Bacchante
Profession:  Farmer, Temporary Sailor
Rank: Ordinary Seaman, Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve
Addressed to:  Mrs. N.C. Draper, Keswick, Ont. 
Relationship: Wife
Writing instrument:  Fountain Pen with Black Ink
Writing Paper: 1 sheet 9" x 6" medium weight, smooth, linen-look, folded into a 4-page booklet form. Noah hasn't numbered the pages, and he's using a form he's used often before where his first page is the front "cover", then he's opened it and written on the right side, then moved over to the left side - turned the page sideways - and written there, and finally, he's closed it and written on the back. For clarity, I'm posting the pages in the order they were meant to be read. 

People mentioned in this letter:
Ethel* - Ethel Isabel Draper, 27 yrs old, Noah's wife of 6 yrs
Eva - Evaline Amelia Perrault*, 40 yrs old, one of Noah's sisters (out West)
Mother - Sarah Sophia Deverell* Draper, Noah's widowed mother (out West)
Alice - Alice Alma Prosser*, born June 1915, daughter of Ethel's sister Sadie 

Places/things mentioned in this letter:
Bacchante** - HMS Bacchante
Birkenhead - Town across the River Mersey from Liverpool, England
Liverpool - 
maritime city in northwest England
​tobacco**
fruit cake** 
​
Word or Phrase Use: 
​

Legend: 
* Look under the Categories/Labels in the right side column for more posts on this 
  person/place/thing, or use the search box in the header at the top of this page
** see History Notes below

​
Picture
H.M.S. Bacchante, Feb 16
Mrs. N.C. Draper,
   Keswick, Ont.
Dear Wife & Babies;-
   Well Ethel I am on board 
H.M.S. Bacchante at Birkenhead 
on draft so you do not want 
to be alarmed if you do not 
hear from me for 2 or 3 months 
or even longer as you can 
never tell where we will be 
sent. nor yet if you receive 
a telegram for if by any 
chance I should go to Canada 
I would let you know at  
once, adress my letters in 
future to N.C. Draper R.N.C.V.R. 
H M.S.Bacchante, c/o 
​London, England and they  
Picture
will be fowarded on to me.
   There was about 20 out of
our hut drafted on here &
the rest will soon be sent
some where else, I have been
here 2 days now commisioning
ship & it is some job. I can
tell you.
   Well I will be glad to get to 
sea again to feed the fish
Ha Ha. there is agreat deal
of confussion connected with
taking on stores & it takes
a couple of days at sea
before things get in proper
working order again,
   I got a letter from you
Eva & mother, Wed. before I
left Chatham they were

Picture
all well, but I suppose you have heard
from them since the 17th of January.
​that was when mine was writen. but
one is glad to get mail even if it is
old, so dont forget to write often, well
​I hope Alice is better by this time, 
am shure you must be having a fine 
time, but you know, Ethel you have
a home of your own, & friends in the 
West who will be glad to see you at 
any time, dont let expences stand
in the way of your enjoyment of 
life, as we only live once and when 
we die we will be a long time dead.
​                                      Ha. Ha.

Picture
to morrow is my after noon out
so will try & see something 
of a new town am only about
5 minutes ride out of Liverpool
so will go over there mabey 
tomorrow, afternoon, dont think 
I will come in untill Sunday 
morning at 7 a.m. have never
stayed out overnight yet so 
think I will have a change 
and get a feed. I hope that box
comes along before we leave
port, but I would not send
anymore tobacco if I were
you. a good rich fruit cake
that will not dry out is as 
good as anything. Well I guess 
I will close forthis time so
Bye Bye. Love to all. N.C.D..
​                XXXXX

​

History Notes

​There are 3 History notes for this letter of February 16, 1917:


History Note 1 - HMS Bacchante (see image at top of post)

Noah is finally on board a ship, HMS Bacchante, which is taking on stores before heading out to sea. The Bacchante was built for the Royal Navy and launched on Feb 22, 1901. She was a First Class Armoured Cruiser, Cressy class, which provided naval gunfire support to Anzac troops during the Gallipoli Campaign. She remained in the Mediterranean until late 1916 before returning home to England.



History Note 2 - Fruit Cake

Rationing during wartime meant butter, eggs, and sometimes sugar, were in short supply. Due to their longevity, fruit cakes were often sent to the troops where they would store them in their ditty boxes and treat themselves, and sometimes others, to small portions at a time - a piece of home for comfort.

​I searched my cook book collection and in my Five Roses Cook Book, 1915, Lake of the Woods Milling Company Limited, Montreal, found this wartime recipe for Fruit Cake that doesn't use butter or eggs:
​
Picture
Picture

​
History Note 3 - Tobacco

Noah has mentioned Tobacco and specifically Player's Navy Cut Cigarettes, their cost, etc, in WW1 Letters Home - Jan 25, 1917
​
Picture
The Morning Leader, Regina, Saskatchewan, Sep 7, 1911

WW1 Letters - Mr Butts to Ethel Feb 11, 1917

2/13/2022

 
Picture
Ethel Draper with 5 working horses, spring of 1912. From Noah & Ethel's Album

On Feb 11, 1917, the same day that Noah was writing his letter to Ethel who was staying with family in Ontario, John Butts, their hired man back in Saskatchewan, was also writing a letter to Ethel:

Author of Letter: John Butts, 60 yrs old according to the 1916 census record
Dated: Feb 11th, 1917
Mailed from:  Grand Coulee, Saskatchewan
Profession:  Hired Man/Stockman
Rank:  N/A
Addressed to:  Dear friend (Ethel Draper)
Relationship: Ethel is the wife of Noah Draper, the farm owner
Writing instrument:  Pencil
Writing Paper: 2 pages,  5" x 8" lightweight writing paper with faint blue lines and light texture. John Butts has written on the front of both pages, but left the backs empty. 

People mentioned in this letter:
Ethel* 
- Ethel Isabel Nelson, 26 yrs old, Noah's wife of 6 yrs 
Mildred* - aka Midge, Noah & Ethel's daughter, 3 yrs old 
Baby -  James David Draper*, 9 months old, aka Jay in early months
Percy* - Percy Roy Draper, 33 yrs old, Noah's older brother, lives nearby
​
​Places/things mentioned in this letter:
- Keswick - where Ethel is staying with family

Word or Phrase Use: 
John Butts is articulate, but has a habit of not using punctuation at the end of sentences.
​​
Legend: 
* Look under the Categories/Labels in the right side column for more posts on this 
  person/place/thing, or use the search box in the header at the top of this page
​** See History Note below
​
Picture
Grand Coulee. Sask
​Feb 11th 1917
     Dear friend
                    Just a few lines to let you
know I have not forgotten you. I received
a few lines from you when you sent the
Photos and thanks for the same I received
a letter from Noah and was much
pleased to read it He got away sooner
than I expected I'm glad he arrived safely
and hope he will return all right. but (my)
it is an awful war, but I think this sum-
mer will finish it How are you enjoying
yourself down there Hope you are all
well I did feel lonesome for a time after
​you left I didn't know I thought so
much of Mildred until she left I did
miss her Hope she is getting along all
​right also Baby Their Photos are good
You are all nicely taken I often take 
a look at them

Picture
​Percy told me you wrote as you would
probably come back in the spring Well I
must tell you there is no person would
be more pleased than I to see you come
Remember it is your home and I feel sure
every person that knows you would be glad
to see you back You were better there perhaps
the last three weeks for it has been desperate
cold here just as bad or worse than last 
winter and as you know it started before
the summer was over so we are in for
a long winter but it will soon be all over
You mentioned in your few lines about
your Brooch It was here all right after 
you left but dissapeared mysteriously
That is all, until I see you, I shall 
say about it Tell Mildred I often think
her she must come back as quick as she
can to get my meals Hoping you will come
soon                 I remain your friend John
                                                           Butts


Written sideways across top of page 2:
excuse
pencil
I have
no ink

The stock
all look
well
and I did
not tell
you but
I am well
myself

Hope you
will come
​soon

​

​History Notes

There is 1 History note for this letter:

History Note - Hired Man, Stockman

When the Province of Saskatchewan came into being in 1905, many of the settlers were from the eastern and southern parts of the Province of Ontario and not used to the months of harsh winter winds that blew unceasingly across the prairies. Like many others, Noah and Ethel spent the winter months with family and friends "back home." Soon after harvest, they would head east by train and not return to the west until it was time to get ready for spring seeding.

All the fieldwork was done with horses. Each farm would have had a cow for milk (shown as a milch cow on census records), or at least access to a family or neighbour's milk supply. The farms would have had poultry for eating and egg production, and other livestock for food and work. 


Unfortunately, the 1916 agricultural census records (schedules) have not been preserved, however, on the 1916 Census of Prairie Provinces cumulative report, it shows that the average Saskatchewan livestock amounts per farm were:
Horses 3 yrs and older - 6-9
Horses under 3 yrs - 1-3
Cows Milch - 1-3
Other cattle (oxen, maybe beef cows) - 6
Sheep - 1-2
Swine - 5
Hens & Chickens - 44
Turkeys - 1
Geese - 4
Ducks - 6

Although we don't know how much livestock Noah and Ethel owned when they left Saskatchewan in Oct/Nov 1916, we know they had enough to keep John Butts employed as their hired man. In the post, WW1 Letters - Percy to Ethel Jan 1, 1917, Noah's brother, Percy, wants Ethel to confirm that Mr Butts is to receive $20 per month, because Mr Butts has said he's been reckless with his money and is owed forty dollars. Percy's letter is interesting as it mentions that Mr Butts was out 'celebrating' and talking about quitting.

WW1 Letters Home - Feb 11, 1917

2/6/2022

 
Picture
Rochester Cathedral and Castle Across the River Medway
 
Author of Letter: 
Noah C Draper, 30 yrs old
Dated:  Feb 11, 1916 (should be 1917 as Noah only joined in Nov 1916) 
Mailed from:  Chatham, England 
Attached to: HMS Pembroke (Royal Naval Barracks)
Profession:  Farmer, Temporary Sailor
Rank: Ordinary Seaman, Royal Naval Canadian Volunteer Reserve
Addressed to:  Mrs. N.C. Draper, Keswick, Ont. 
Relationship: Wife
Writing instrument:  Fountain Pen with Black Ink
Writing Paper: 1 sheet 9" x 6" medium weight, smooth, linen-look, folded into a 4-page booklet form. Noah hasn't numbered the pages, and he's using a form he's used often before where his first page is the front "cover", then he's opened it and written on the right side, then moved over to the left side - turned the page sideways - and written there, and finally, he's closed it and written on the back. For clarity, I'm posting the pages in the order they were meant to be read. 

People mentioned in this letter:
Ethel* - Ethel Isabel Draper, 27 yrs old, (Noah's wife of 6 yrs)
Alice - Alice Alma Prosser*, born June 1915, daughter of Ethel's sister Sadie* 
Katie - unknown at this time


Places/things mentioned in this letter:
- U.S.A. entering the war (USA entered WW1 on April 6, 1917)
​- hut - the barracks
- ditty box with shaving kit & little things like photos
- Rochester* - city in Eastern England
- Rochester Cathedral (see postcard at top of post)
- English church** - the Church of England
​
Word or Phrase Use: 
ect - the abbreviation for the Latin phrase of et cetera which means "and all the rest" or "and so on and so forth." Modern dictionaries say it should be abbreviated as etc and that ect is simply a spelling error. However, I've noticed that many senior members of our society, as well as those on the other side of the pond, both in Great Britain and in Europe, spell it as ect like Noah does. 

Legend: 
* Look under the Categories/Labels in the right side column for more posts on this 
  person/place/thing, or use the search box in the header at the top of this page
** see History Notes below
Picture
Feb 11/16.
Mrs. N.C. Draper,
   Keswick, Ont. Canada.

My Dear Wife & children;-
   Well Ethel Sunday is
around once more & I am not
sorry to see them pass as
it brings this war so
much nearer to an end.
   Well I suppose by the
time you receive this
​the U.S.A. will be in the
war. I hope so in the
​interest of humanity.
   I hope the children
are all well also Allice
is out of all danger,
   there is three men 
Picture
out of our hut in the Hospital
but they are all improving.
   Have not received any photos
yet suppose you have sent
them before this. the photoes
of us just fit nicely in my
ditty box, I keep my shaving
outfit & little things in it
but there is a place in
the lid for photoes w.
​paper & ect. so I can
keep them clean.
   Well I have not heard from
the others yet but expect 
to soon. No I have not
got Katie's adress yet & 
do not think I will have a 
chance to see her even
​when I do get it. as we will

Picture
have no more leave. only Sat. after noons
or else Sunday from 9 am. untill
Monday at 7 30 a.m. so one can not go
very far. Well I walked up to Rochester
again today (alone) and went to the
cathedral it was built about 400 years
​before America was discovered & is
a grand old place. I could enjoy
spending a few months here in peace
time with you, but don't think
we will ever do it. as train travelling 
is about your limit. Ha.Ha.
   Well if ever you get a chance
to go into an English church you
​
Picture
you want to go. and see the
form of course it may not be
the same there as hear. but
they always read the prayers
out of the prayer book & always
the same ones just now. & it
seems funny to me I can
assure you. after being used 
to our churches. This after-noon
I went up to see the boys in
the Hospital & stayed with
them for an hour or so then
came back to Chatham & went
to the photographers to get
some pictures for a fellow
& they were good so I got
some taken, Snapshots & will get them
tomorrow night. & will send
some in my next letter well
I guess I will close for this
time Bye Bye love to all.
from your loving husband N.C. Draper
                             xxxxx

​

History Notes

There is 1 History note for this letter of February 11, 1916 (1917):

History Note - English Church

Noah is a Presbyterian and states several times in his letters that he would prefer not to go to the English Church because they read the same prayers over and over from the same books, whereas he's used to prayers spoken from the heart instead of by rote. He calls the Church of England the English Church which was also used on Upper Canada and Canada West census records, as well the records of the vast prairies called the North-west Territories before they became individual provinces.

Previously, Noah has mentioned the English Church when he attended St George's Chapel at HMS Pembroke, as well as the Presbyterian Church in Chatham, which he said is about a mile and a half from the barracks. For more information and images, see:
- WW1 Letters Home - Jan 7, 1917
- WW1 Letters Home - Jan 14, 1917
​
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